一、基本用法对比
指代单个对象 - 使用that:
The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.
(我上周借的那本书很有趣)
- 使用which:
The movie which started at 7 PM was thrilling.
(下午7点开始的那部电影很惊险)
指代多个对象
- 使用which:
The students which participated in the competition are very talented.
(参加比赛的学生非常有才华)
- that不可用于指代多个对象,必须使用which
二、特殊场景规则
先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰
- 只能用that:
This is the best movie I've ever seen.
(这是我见过的最好的电影)
The tallest building in the city is the one with the glass facade.
(这座城市最高的建筑是玻璃幕墙的那座)
先行词为不定代词(all, much, little等)
- 只能用that:
We should do all that is necessary to protect the environment.
(我们应该做所有必要的事情来保护环境)
三、其他注意事项
非限制性定语从句: 只能用which引导,that不可用。例如: The book which I borrowed last week was very interesting. (与限定性定语从句不同) 省略规则
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可省略。例如:
The car which/that parked outside is mine.
(停在外面的车是我的)
四、易混淆点辨析
that与what的区别:
定语从句中不用what,只有that和which;
例如:
The problem that we need to solve is...
(我们需要解决的问题是...)
通过以上造句和规则,可以系统掌握that和which在定语从句中的用法。