定语从句和强调句是英语语法中两种常见的特殊句型,但它们在结构、功能和用法上有明显区别。以下是具体分析:
一、结构区别
强调句 采用固定结构:
$$\text{It is/was} + \text{被强调部分} + \text{that/who} + \text{其余部分}$$
例如:
- It is the book that
I borrowed from the library.
- It was yesterday thatthe meeting started.
定语从句
由关系词(如that, which, who等)引导,修饰名词或代词,结构为:
$$\text{先行词} + \text{关系词} + \text{从句}
$$
例如:
- The book whichI borrowed is very interesting.
- The meeting wherewe held was very productive.
二、功能区别
强调句: 通过重复被强调部分,突出语义重点,属于修辞手法。- 定语从句
三、判断方法
结构测试
去掉 It is/was...that...结构后,若句子仍通顺完整,则为强调句;若成分残缺,则为定语从句。 例如:
- 强调句:It is on the island thatthey spent 10 years.
去掉后:They spent 10 years on the island.(通顺)
- 定语从句:It is the island wherethey spent 10 years.
去掉后:They spent 10 years the island.(不完整)
语义判断
强调句强调时间、地点、原因等抽象概念,而定语从句修饰具体名词(如人、物、地点等)。 例如:
- 强调时间:It was last year thatwe visited Paris.
- 定语从句:The book whichwas on the table is mine.
四、注意事项
强调句中连接词that不可省略,被强调部分若为人时可用who替代。- 强调地点状语时,不能用where引导,需用that或in which。- 定语从句需根据先行词选择合适的关系词(如that, which, who)。
通过以上方法,可以有效区分定语从句和强调句,并正确运用于实际表达中。