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定语从句形容物的时候用哪个代词?

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在定语从句中,当先行词为物时,关系代词的选择需根据语境和语法要求决定,具体规则如下:

一、主要关系代词

that

可以指代物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,且通常可以省略。

- 例:

- The book thatI borrowed from the library is fascinating.

- The elephant thatis standing over there is very gentle.

which

专指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,通常不可省略。

- 例:

- The movie whichwe watched last night was amazing.

- The house whichis painted red is mine.

二、特殊说明

that与which的互换性

在定语从句中,当先行词为物且关系代词作主语或宾语时, thatwhich可互换使用。 但需注意:

当先行词被 序数词、最高级或被 the only/second only等限定时, that为首选。 - 若关系代词在从句中作 表语,则必须使用 that。 - 例:

- The onlybook on the shelf is mine.

- The tallest tree in the park is that

三、其他注意事项

that的额外用法

当先行词为不定代词(如all, none, everything等)时, that是唯一选择。 例:

- None of the students thatpassed the exam received a prize.

省略规则

关系代词作宾语时通常可省略,但 that作主语时不可省略。 例:

- The woman whocalled you last night is my friend.

- The book whichyou gave me is interesting.

通过以上规则,可灵活选择关系代词,确保定语从句语法正确且表达清晰。