一、基本规则

实义动词have

- 变一般疑问句：在句首加助动词 do（主语为第一人称、第二人称及复数）或 does（第三人称单数）

- 肯定回答：Yes, I/they do

- 否定回答：No, I/they don't

现在完成时态have

- 变一般疑问句：直接将 have提至句首

- 肯定回答：Yes, I/they have

- 否定回答：No, I/they haven't

二、常见错误示例

第三人称单数：

He has finished his homework.

正确疑问句： Has he finished his homework？

缩写形式：

否定句：He hasn't finished.

短语回答：Not yet

三、扩展应用

否定句：

- 原句：She has a long ruler and a short pencil.

- 否定句： She doesn't have a long ruler and a short pencil.

- 简化表达： She doesn't have...

特殊结构：

- 使用 have got：

- 否定句：He hasn't got his keys.

- 短语回答：Not yet

四、注意事项

单三主语（如he/she/it）需用 does，其余用 do

现在完成时态中，无论主语是谁，均用 hasn't

短语回答 Not yet常用于现在完成时语境

通过以上规则和示例，可灵活掌握“have”的疑问句和否定句构造方法。