非限制性定语从句的引导词及其用法如下:
一、常用引导词
which - 指代物,作主语或宾语,例如:
*This is the book which I borrowed from the library.*
- 不能省略,且需用逗号与主句分隔。
who
- 指代人,作主语或宾语,例如:
*She is the teacher who taught us English.*
- 作宾语时用whom(介词后),例如:
*He met his friend, whom he had known for years.* 。
whom
- 指代人,作宾语,例如:
*Tom likes the song sung by whom.*
- 介词后必须使用whom,例如:
*This gift is from my friend, whom I met last year.* 。
whose
- 表示所属关系,作定语,例如:
*This is the car whose owner lives next door.*
- 可指人或物,例如:
*The company, whose profits doubled last year, is now a leader in the industry.* 。
as
- 常用于非限制性定语从句中,表示“正如”,例如:
*As she was leaving, the phone rang.*
- 可以省略,但意义会发生变化(如:
*He passed the exam, as expected.* 。
when
- 指代时间,作时间状语,例如:
*This event took place when I was a child.*
- 通常与主句谓语动词保持一致时态。
where
- 指代地点,作地点状语,例如:
*We celebrated our anniversary where we first met.*
- 与主句谓语动词保持一致时态。
二、特殊说明
that: 不可用于非限制性定语从句,仅限限制性定语从句。 关系副词
*The movie, which was released last year, won several awards.* 。
三、注意事项
逗号分隔:
非限制性定语从句与主句之间必须用逗号隔开,但若从句以 that或 which引导且位于句首时,逗号可省略。
省略规则:
- 当关系代词在从句中作宾语且被介词修饰时,可省略(如:
*Tom likes the book which he read.* )。
通过以上规则,可灵活运用引导词构建非限制性定语从句,避免语法错误。