英语语法中,以下词或短语放在句首时,句子通常需要倒装:
一、部分倒装的情况
only + 状语/从句 当"only"位于句首,修饰动词、介词短语或状语从句时,主句需部分倒装。例如:
- Only in the morning do I like to read.
- Only when the meeting started did the problem get solved.
否定副词/短语
如never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not, by no means, in no way等,置于句首时需部分倒装。例如:
- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
- Hardly did she finish her homework on time.
so, nor, neither
这三个词位于句首时,主句需部分倒装。例如:
- So bad was the weather that we canceled the picnic.
- Neither he nor I passed the exam.
表示地点/方向的副词
如here, there, then, up, down, in, out, off, on the wall等,当主语为名词且谓语为表示运动的动词时,需完全倒装。例如:
- Here comes the bus.
- There lies the treasure.
二、完全倒装的情况
表示时间/地点的副词短语
如now, then, thus, at that moment等,置于句首时,谓语动词用be动词开头,主语随后出现。例如:
- Now the meeting begins.
- Then we all laughed.
特殊疑问句/反意问句
需借助助动词do/does/was/were等将谓语提前。例如:
- Is this your book?
- Did she call you last night?
三、其他需倒装的情况
形容词/分词作表语: 如"bright red sky"作主语时,需用be动词提前。例如: The sky is so bright red. 条件句
Only if you hurry, will the project be completed on time.
四、例外情况
主语为代词:如"here I am"(现在完成时)或"out they rushed"(过去时),无需倒装。
so + 形容词/副词:如"So beautiful is the garden"(倒装),但这种情况较少见且需强调。
以上规则需结合具体语境判断,部分倒装多用于强调或特殊句型,而完全倒装则多与时间、地点等状语相关。