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英语语法中哪些词放在句首

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英语语法中,以下词或短语放在句首时,句子通常需要倒装:

一、部分倒装的情况

only + 状语/从句

当"only"位于句首,修饰动词、介词短语或状语从句时,主句需部分倒装。例如:

- Only in the morning do I like to read.

- Only when the meeting started did the problem get solved.

否定副词/短语

如never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not, by no means, in no way等,置于句首时需部分倒装。例如:

- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.

- Hardly did she finish her homework on time.

so, nor, neither

这三个词位于句首时,主句需部分倒装。例如:

- So bad was the weather that we canceled the picnic.

- Neither he nor I passed the exam.

表示地点/方向的副词

如here, there, then, up, down, in, out, off, on the wall等,当主语为名词且谓语为表示运动的动词时,需完全倒装。例如:

- Here comes the bus.

- There lies the treasure.

二、完全倒装的情况

表示时间/地点的副词短语

如now, then, thus, at that moment等,置于句首时,谓语动词用be动词开头,主语随后出现。例如:

- Now the meeting begins.

- Then we all laughed.

特殊疑问句/反意问句

需借助助动词do/does/was/were等将谓语提前。例如:

- Is this your book?

- Did she call you last night?

三、其他需倒装的情况

形容词/分词作表语:

如"bright red sky"作主语时,需用be动词提前。例如:

The sky is so bright red.

条件句:如"only if"引导的条件状语从句,谓语需倒装。例如:

Only if you hurry, will the project be completed on time.

四、例外情况

主语为代词:如"here I am"(现在完成时)或"out they rushed"(过去时),无需倒装。

so + 形容词/副词:如"So beautiful is the garden"(倒装),但这种情况较少见且需强调。

以上规则需结合具体语境判断,部分倒装多用于强调或特殊句型,而完全倒装则多与时间、地点等状语相关。